Migraine - causes, symptoms & treatment
Migraine is an attack-like headache characterised by recurring, usually one-sided, pulsating headaches.
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Migraine is an attack-like headache characterised by recurring, usually one-sided, pulsating headaches.
The pain of a migraine is often pulsating and can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and a strong sensitivity to light and noise. Migraine attacks can last between a few hours and days and can significantly impair the quality of life of those affected. The exact causes of migraines have not yet been fully researched, but studies suggest that a disrupted regulation of messenger substances such as serotonin and an increased excitability of certain brain regions play a role. Genetic factors also play a role, as migraines often run in families.
Certain triggers can trigger a migraine attack or increase its intensity. These include stress, hormone fluctuations - such as those caused by menstruation or hormonal contraceptives - irregular sleeping habits, certain foods such as alcohol, caffeine, chocolate or mature cheese, as well as external factors such as changes in the weather or intense sensory stimuli. A special form is migraine with aura, in which neurological symptoms occur before the actual headache. These can manifest themselves in visual disturbances such as flickering, flashes of light or visual field defects, tingling or numbness in the limbs and speech disorders. The aura usually subsides within 60 minutes before the headache sets in.
The treatment of migraines includes both acute therapy and preventative measures. Painkillers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol help during an attack, while triptans can specifically intervene in the migraine processes in the brain. Rest in a darkened room and cooling applications in the forehead or neck area also help many sufferers. In order to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks in the long term, a regular sleep-wake cycle, regular meals and stress management through relaxation techniques such as yoga or meditation are crucial. Moderate endurance sports such as swimming or walking can also reduce the frequency of attacks. In severe cases, preventative medication such as beta blockers, antidepressants or magnesium is used.
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